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00350
# Mt 12:5
\\The priests . . . profane the sabbath.\\ The Sabbath was
the busiest day of the week for the priests in the temple
service. In this they rightly broke the ordinary Sabbath law,
because the temple service set aside the law. Compare
# Joh 7:22,23
(PNT 70)
00351
# Mt 12:6
\\But I say unto you\\, etc. The thought is: If priests in
the service of the temple can break the letter of the law and be
blameless, how much more can the disciples of him who is the
Lord of the temple do so in his service and by his authority?
(PNT 70)
00352
# Mt 12:7
\\But if ye had known what [this] meaneth.\\ They ought to
have known, for they professed to be interpreters of the law.
\\I will have mercy, and not sacrifice.\\ The argument is
that mercy toward these hungering disciples was more acceptable
to God than sacrifices at the altar, though sacrifice was the
crown of the Jewish rites. The quotation is from Hosea, and is
also quoted in Matthew.
# Ho 6:6 Mt 9:13
It shows that all our forms, rites and ceremonies are worthless
before God unless we have kind and merciful hearts.
(PNT 70)
00353
# Mt 12:8
\\For the Son of man is the Lord even of the Sabbath day.\\
Because the Sabbath is made for humanity, the Lord of humanity
is the Lord of the Sabbath. Observe, \\is\\ the Lord of the
Sabbath. He does not, then, abolish it, but has the right to
make any change in it, in the interest of mankind, that seems to
him wise. Neither Moses, nor any other mortal, ever claimed to
be Lord of the Sabbath. This is a declaration of Divinity.
(PNT 70)
00354
# Mt 12:9
\\He went into their synagogue.\\ Evidently he, his disciples
and these Pharisees, were on the way to it when the conversation
took place. It was probably at Capernaum.
(PNT 70)
00355
# Mt 12:10
\\A man which had [his] hand withered.\\ That is, dried up
from a deficient absorption of the nutriment. Luke says his
"right hand." The disease here indicated results in a loss both
in size and in power of the arm; for it there is no remedy known
to man. Compare
# Mr 3:1-6 Lu 6:6-11
\\And they asked him.\\ Luke says it was the scribes and
Pharisees.
\\Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath?\\ In the opinion of
the Pharisees, to kindle or extinguish a fire on the Sabbath was
a great desecration of the day, nor was even sickness allowed to
violate rabbinical rules. It was forbidden to give an emetic on
the Sabbath, to set a broken bone, or put back a dislocated
joint. Of course, they had added all this to the law of Moses.
\\That they might accuse him.\\ Not in the conversation
merely, but before the local judge, the officers of the
synagogue, or the council.
(PNT 70)
00356
# Mt 12:11
\\What man . . . shall have one sheep?\\ etc. Such an act of
mercy to a beast was allowed and usual then.
(PNT 71)
00357
# Mt 12:12
\\How much then is a man better than a sheep?\\ If sheep can
be lifted out of its suffering on the Sabbath, why not much more
a man?
\\Wherefore it is lawful to do good on the sabbath days.\\ If
the Sabbath day would preclude one from doing good, then it
would be an evil.
(PNT 71)
00358
# Mt 12:13
\\Stretch out thy hand.\\ As the cure is wrought only by a
word, the Pharisees have no ground of accusation.
(PNT 71)
00359
# Mt 12:14
\\Then the Pharisees went out\\, etc. Their real motive was
hatred of the Lord, while their pretext was that he had broken
the Sabbath. While professing to be very religious, they were
really the servants of the evil one.
(PNT 71)
00360
# Mt 12:15
\\Jesus . . . withdrew himself from there.\\ Left Capernaum
for the time. He avoided needless danger until his earthly
ministry was accomplished, and the bitter opposition of the
Pharisees admonished him to temporarily withdraw.
(PNT 71)
00361
# Mt 12:16
\\Charged them.\\ Those healed. To note about his cures now
would intensify the hate of his enemies.
(PNT 71)
00362
# Mt 12:17
\\That it might be fulfilled.\\ Thus it was fulfilled.
\\Isaiah the prophet.\\ See
# Isa 42:1-4
(PNT 71)
00363
# Mt 12:18
\\Behold my servant.\\ Christ took the form of a servant.
\\I will put my spirit upon him.\\ Compare
# 3:17
\\He shall show justice to the Gentiles.\\ Announce himself
as judge of the Gentiles. Compare
# Mr 3:8
(PNT 71)
00364
# Mt 12:19
\\He shall not contend, nor cry.\\ He shall be modest,
retiring, and not a brazen, noisy declaimer.
(PNT 71)
00365
# Mt 12:20
\\A bruised reed shall he not break.\\ The reed, a hollow
cylinder, if bruised has its strength destroyed. It thus becomes
the symbol of the bruised spirit. The tender Saviour will not
break, but heal.
\\Smoking flax.\\ The wick of the lamp that had ceased to
burn clearly. The violent would put it out and fling it away.
The Lord does not use such violence with those disciples who
give forth some light, even if it is imperfect.
\\Till he shall send forth justice.\\ Till he shall sit in
power and triumph on the throne of judgment.
(PNT 71-72)
00366
# Mt 12:21
\\In his name.\\ In him as the Messiah.
\\Shall the Gentiles trust.\\ He shall be the "Christ of the
world," and not of the Jews alone. Compare
# Joh 4:42
The prophets clearly and many times declare that the Messiah
shall be, not a Jewish, but a world's Saviour. The Jews strangely
overlooked this.
(PNT 72)
00367
# Mt 12:22
\\One possessed with a demon.\\
See note on "Mt 8:28"
Compare
# Lu 11:14
(PNT 72)
00368
# Mt 12:23
\\Is not this the Son of David?\\ The promised Messiah King
who was to be the Son of David, according to the prophets.
# Isa 11:10 2Sa 23:5
(PNT 72)
00369
# Mt 12:24
\\The Pharisees heard [it].\\ Compare
# Mr 3:22-27
Mark says that some of these Pharisees were scribes who had come
from Jerusalem. The ecclesiastical authorities at Jerusalem were
now keeping their watch on Jesus.
\\Doth not cast out demons, but by Beelzebub.\\
See note on "Mt 10:25"
Beelzebub, the prince of devils, meant the same as Satan. The
Pharisees assert that the Lord's miraculous power is due to the
aid of the devil.
(PNT 72)
00370
# Mt 12:25
\\Knew their thoughts.\\ They had not made this charge to
Christ, but to the multitudes.
\\Every city or house divided against itself.\\ A general
truth is stated. Most states and kingdoms fall, not by the power
of foreign enemies, but by the weakness due to divisions.
(PNT 72)
00371
# Mt 12:26
\\If Satan casteth out Satan.\\ If demons were cast out by
the aid of Satan, then Satan would be fighting against his own
servants. His kingdom would be divided against itself.
(PNT 72 edited)
00372
# Mt 12:27
\\By whom do your children cast [them] out?\\ There were
Jewish exorcists who professed to cast out demons. Josephus
tells of one named Eleazar, whom he says did cast them out.
Christ does not say whether they did or not, but argues: "If I,
by Satan, cast out demons, by whom do your own exorcists, whom
you assert have this power, cast them out?" Compare
# Ac 19:13
(PNT 72)
00373
# Mt 12:28
\\If I cast out demons by the Spirit of God,\\ etc. If it is
the power of God manifest in me, then it demonstrates that I am
the expected Messiah King, the Son of David, of whom the
multitude spoke. See
# 12:23
(PNT 72)
00374
# Mt 12:29
\\How can one . . . seize his goods,\\ etc.? No one can enter
a man's house and take his goods unless he has first conquered
him. If I am not the Messiah, stronger than Satan, how could I
spoil him?
(PNT 72)
00375
# Mt 12:30
\\He that is not with me,\\ etc. The two kingdoms of Satan
and of Christ are opposed. No neutrality is possible. He that is
not for me is against me.
(PNT 73)
00376
# Mt 12:31
\\The blasphemy [against] the [Holy] Spirit shall not be
\\forgiven.\\ Compare
# Mr 3:28 Lu 12:10
Much discussion has arisen concerning the nature of sin against
the Holy Spirit, and nothing is plainer.
# Mr 3:30
explains it. It was ascribing Christ's works to demoniac
influence. These works were wrought by the power of the Spirit.
(PNT 73)
00377
# Mt 12:32
\\Whoever speaketh a word against the Son of man.\\ Personal
insults even against Christ can be forgiven. Christ prayed for his
persecutors. Every sin can be forgiven except that against the Holy
Spirit.
\\Speaketh against the Holy Spirit.\\ To observe the work of God's
Spirit, and pronounce it evil or Satanic, as was done here.
\\Neither in this world, neither in the [world] to come.\\
Judgment shall overtake him both here and hereafter. This would mean
there is no forgiveness to such a sin under either dispensation. No
passage in the Bible affirms more emphatically the doctrine of
eternal punishment.
(PNT 73 edited)
00378
# Mt 12:33
\\Either make the tree good, and its fruit good.\\ The
principle is announced in Matthew that the tree is known by its
fruits.
# 7:20
If his own life and works were evil, then he might be evil and
aided by Satan, but if good, then his power was from God.
(PNT 73)
00379
# Mt 12:34-35
\\Generations of vipers.\\ Poisonous, evil and dangerous, like
vipers. \\How can ye,\\ etc.? Their hearts were thoroughly evil,
hence they could only speak and do evil, for "out of the good
treasure of the heart the mouth speaketh." On the other
hand, the "good man out of the good treasure of his heart
bringeth forth good things."
(PNT 73)
00381
# Mt 12:36
\\Every idle word.\\ If we shall be called on to give account
for every idle, rash, inconsiderate word, how much more for such
blasphemy as the Pharisees had uttered? How careful, too, should
we be to see that our speech is pure!
(PNT 73)
00382
# Mt 12:37
\\By thy words thou shalt be justified,\\ etc. Acquitted or
condemned in the day of judgment. To justify is the opposite of
to condemn. Those who confess Christ with the mouth shall be
saved; those who deny him will be lost.
# Ro 10:9
Words have a weighty influence on our eternal destiny.
(PNT 73)
00383
# Mt 12:38
\\Master, we would see a sign from thee.\\ Compare
# 16:1 Lu 11:16,29
They had just seen a miracle, but demand another. Jesus never
worked miracles to gratify human curiosity, or to secure popular
applause.
(PNT 74)
00384
# Mt 12:39
\\An evil and adulterous generation.\\ We must keep in mind
that the Lord is speaking to his enemies. He compares them to a
faithless wife. They were faithless to God.
\\The sign of the prophet Jonah.\\ See next verse. See also
# 16:4
(PNT 74)
00385
# Mt 12:40
\\As Jonah was . . . in the belly of the great fish.\\ See
# Jon 1:17
The great fish was probably not a whale (the Greek is "sea
monster"), but a white shark, which abounds in the
Mediterranean, and is said to swallow a horse whole. The miracle
was the preservation of the life of Jonah during his living
burial. This was a type of the burial and resurrection of
Christ.
\\So shall the Son of man be three days and three nights.\\
Jesus says that he will "be raised again the third day."
# 16:21
Hence, in Jewish usage "the third day" must mean the same as
"three days and three nights."
It was and is customary with the Orientals to make any part
of the day stand for the whole twenty-four hours. Compare
# 16:21 Mr 7:37
# 2Ch 10:5 10:12 Es 4:16 Ge 7:4,12 Ex 24:18 34:28
A traveller in the East writes: "At length the tenth morning
arrived--the tenth morning because, though we performed
nominally ten days quarantine, yet it was, really, only eight
days. We landed at nine o'clock in the evening of the first day,
and were liberated at six o'clock in the morning of the tenth
day, but it was held to be ten days according to the custom of
the East." Christ was buried Friday evening, lay in the grave
Saturday, and rose Sunday, parts of three days, rose "on the
third day," and was in the grave the space of time meant in
eastern usage by three days and three nights.
\\In the heart of the earth.\\ In the sepulchre.
(PNT 74)
00386
# Mt 12:41
\\The men of Nineveh.\\ The great capital of the Assyrian
Empire, situated on the Tigris river, in its day the greatest
city in the world, to which Jonah was sent to warn it of
judgment for its sins. It has been for many hundred years a
ruin.
\\Shall rise in judgment.\\ They repented at the preaching of
Jonah, but "this generation" of Jews remained impenitent under
the preaching of "one greater than Jonah." The example of the
Ninevites condemns the Jews.
(PNT 74)
00387
# Mt 12:42
\\The queen of the south.\\ Of Sheba, supposed to be Sabaea
in Southern Arabia.
# 1Ki 10:1
\\From the ends of the earth.\\ A great distance. On the
extreme southern shores of Asia.
\\A greater than Solomon [is] here.\\ A calm assertion of
superhuman majesty and wisdom.
(PNT 74)
00388
# Mt 12:43-45
\\When the unclean spirit,\\ etc. The application of these
three verses is found in "even so it shall be unto this wicked
generation," the Jews. With an occasional tendency to
repentance, as under the preaching of John, they became worse
and worse until they crucified the Lord and were destroyed. A
man with an unclean spirit, a demon, is chosen to represent
them. He goeth out (transient repentance), returns with seven
other evil spirits worse than himself (a relapse into sin), and
the last state is worse than the first, more wicked and more
wretched. So generally with those who dally with sin.
(PNT 74-75)
00391
# Mt 12:46-47
\\[His] mother and his brethren.\\ On the brethren of the
Lord,
See note on "Mt 13:55"
Compare
# Mr 3:31-35 Lu 8:19,21
His brethren did not yet believe in him.
(PNT 75)
00393
# Mt 12:48
\\Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?\\ An allusion to
his Divine character, which lifted him above the ordinary ties
of the flesh.
(PNT 75)
00394
# Mt 12:49
\\Behold my mother and my brethren!\\ His real relatives
are those bound to him by spiritual ties.
(PNT 75)
00395
# Mt 12:50
\\The same is my brother.\\ Not those with fleshly ties, but
those who do the will of his Father in heaven. Such become God's
spiritual children, and thus become spiritually related to the
Son of God. It will be observed that there is no hint of
adoration of Mary, his mother, here, or elsewhere in the
Scriptures. That she was immaculately born, as the "Queen of
Heaven" and the "Mother of God," is a Catholic fable.
(PNT 75)
00396
# Mt 13:1
SUMMARY OF MATTHEW 13
\\Seven Parables of the Kingdom\\
Parable of the Sower
Why He Spoke in Parables
The Parable of the Sower Explained
The Parable of the Tares
The Mustard Seed
The Leaven
The Parable of the Tares Explained
The Hidden Treasure
The Pearl of Great Price
The Fish Net
\\The same day.\\ For the parable of the Sower compare
# Mr 4:1-9 Lu 8:4-8
\\By the sea side.\\ The seashore is that of the Sea of
Galilee, probably near Capernaum, at the northwest corner of the
lake.
(PNT 75)
00397
# Mt 13:2
\\And great multitudes.\\ Literally, "greatest." There is
every reason to believe that this was one of the greatest. It
was the turning-point in his public teaching, since the
parabolic instruction now begins.
(PNT 76)
00398
# Mt 13:3
\\And he spoke many things to them in parables.\\ Of which
only samples are preserved, even by Matthew, and still fewer in
the other Gospels.
\\Parables.\\ Narratives designed to convey spiritual
instruction. The parable differs from the proverb in being a
narrative, from the fable is being true to nature, from the myth
in being undeceptive, from the allegory in that it veils the
spiritual truth.
\\Behold, a sower went forth to sow.\\ It is "the" sower in
the original. There was grain land on every side, and the figure
was familiar to every hearer. There are no farm houses in
Palestine. All live in towns or villages. Hence, the farmers "go
forth" to sow.
(PNT 76)
00399
# Mt 13:4
\\And when he sowed.\\ The seed-time in Palestine is usually
in October, about the time when this parable was spoken. Sowing
is always done by hand.
\\Fell by the way side.\\ Where the field and the road join,
or, rather, along the narrow, trodden foot-path through the
fields, so common in Palestine.
\\Fowls came and devoured them.\\ The birds, because the
grains were not covered.
(PNT 76)